The UK government is preparing to launch a mandatory digital ID called the BritCard, designed to curb illegal immigration and modernise access to public services—but critics warn it risks creating a surveillance state and punishing vulnerable citizens.

Failure to present a BritCard when required may result in denial of employment, housing, or access to certain services. Employers and landlords will be legally obligated to verify status through the system, and failure to do so may result in fines or penalties.

While enforcement details are still emerging, civil liberties groups warn that the scheme could disproportionately affect vulnerable populations. Those without smartphones, digital literacy, or stable housing may struggle to access or maintain their digital ID, potentially pushing them further into the margins of society.