

Nulls are useful, but you can’t work with them in Java. Anything can be null at any time without warning, even when you have absolutely no reason to ever allow a null. Null safety as a language feature gives you the choice to allow nulls when they make sense or guarantee a value when needed. It saves you checking for nulls in the core of your logic when you already ruled them out at the boundary and enforced it at compile time.











There’s not really a stock Android though. Every manufacturer has its own flavor, so unless you go out of your way to build AOSP for your device, it could be anything.