Did not work wit gpodder2go, so I installed https://github.com/kd2org/opodsync (docker: https://github.com/ganeshlab/opodsync) again. That seems to work.

I have been using https://github.com/oxtyped/gpodder2go for a while, seems to work and I have not found a better solution yet.

Still looking for a web or desktop podcast player that does sync with gPodder though…

Instead they will constantly bug you to subscribe every time you do anything on your phone.