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Joined 3 years ago
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Cake day: June 22nd, 2023

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  • Most major languages these days are multi-paradigm languages that can do procedural, functional, or object oriented coding.

    C#, Kotlin, JavaScript, TypeScript, Go, Python, Swift, etc all fall into this bucket.

    Java has made a lot of efforts to support functional programming, but it’s still not first class.

    I would argue that these languages adopting functional coding as a first class citizen has made dedicated functional languages somewhat more obsolete, but they also paved the way and set the standards for the general languages that came after.

    On the web side of things, the most popular JavaScript / TypeScript frameworks these days are often fundamentally functional though, from React on the front-end to Express on the back end.


  • Functional languages are inherently built on non-functional ones, for the same reason that object oriented languages are built on non object oriented ones, because cpus are fundamentally not object oriented or functional.

    They are computational machines with specific instructions around moving values in memory and performing certain operations on them.

    Assembly / machine code is always, at a fundamental level, procedural programming because at a the most fundamental level, cpus are designed as procedural machines, so all higher ordered languages, from C, all the way up through Python and Lisp, have to translate down to assembly, which maps to the machine’s instruction set, which is procedural and imperative.

    However, there is an OS that tries to be functional as much as possible though, and that’s a Linux distribution called NixOS, based on the functional language Nix.




  • You are precisely wrong here, echoes require open space to proliferate.

    Go out to a field and try to produce an echo. They literally require walls to bounce off of.

    Isn’t the reason you are invoking a contortion of scale to shift our focus to inside one of these smaller bubbles/cells motivated by a desire to induce a sense of some small degree of open space around us? In a sense, aren’t you arguably still invoking the idea that space is what allows echoes rather than density and enclosure?

    You need some space yes, ideally the inside of your chamber needs to be mostly empty and insubstantive.

    However, echo chambers can not be filled with too much space, because echoes don’t work at infinite scale. Sound dissipates and loses energy as it travels through air, so for an echo to occur and you to hear it, you need to be a relatively short distance away from a wall. To be truly echoey and hear multiple echoes of the same sound bouncing back and forth on the walls in front of and behind you, you need those walls even closer together, for not just the extra distance travelled, but also how much energy is lost during each reflection.








  • Maybe reconsider throwing around words like “naiive” when your source is a Europol briefing document covering various threats at a high level with no stats or numbers.

    Especially since if you actually dig into it, you’d find that Europe’s illegal gun trade comes partially from old military and police weapons from the Balkans / collapse of the Soviet Union, partially from the theft of legal firearms, partially from weapons that are imported (legally and illegally) from the US and Turkey, and minorly from weapons smuggled in from other war zones / 3d printed guns.

    i.e. three out of four of the biggest sources of illegal guns in Europe are caused by legal firearm ownership, and one is the collapse of the Soviet Union.

    The fact is that gun control works. Dislike that all you want but it doesn’t change the stats or reality of the world. Here in Canada the vast majority of gun crime is perpetrated using guns illegally smuggled from the US and another ~15% is from legal Canadian guns that were stolen. That’s not an argument that makes wide spread gun ownership look like a good idea.