Well fascists are still remaining in today’s age, I don’t need to mention on what is happening in USA with Trump and in Russia with Putin. It cannot be argued that Horthy was a controversial person (liberals like I hate him), an antisemite scum, and enacted policies which were fascist, like limiting jews number in pursuing higher education to an X number in 1920, but as the Head of State even having basically absolute power, he barely used his powers when any then present party made legislations and such.

You’re running interference for a fascist for not using the state as much as he could have? He was a Nazi collaborator.

Stating that Horthy gleefully assisted the Nazis are incredibly biased, because this was more nuanced than a simple black and white comparison. While in fact he did part with the Nazi regime more than the USSR, a gleefully nazi supporter wouldn’t have banned the Arrow Cross Party.

He sided with the Nazis in World War II and participated in the Holocaust.

Additionally he refused Hitler’s demands when he wanted hungarian troops to help the attack on Checzhoslovakia, took in polish refugees in 1939 when the war broke out and helped them escape to the allied powers if they wished to do so, and only joined the war in 1942. He also wanted to leave from the war in 1944, but he was forced to resign and give power to the banned Arrow Cross Party in threat of his son’s life.

You’re again running interference for someone that sided with Hitler and participated in the holocaust.

On the other side Horthy ofc done some other vile things, such as the war crime of the Novi Sad raid, putting jews on forced labor programmes, deporting them to ghettos, etc., but fortunately atleast they weren’t so insane to comply with nazi deportation requests in 1942-44.

Again, trying to minimize Holocaust participation.

In this case he used his executive powers and replaced the then antisemite party in 1944 and stopped the deportation of Jews into nazi territory, but ofc this feels more like a trying to leave the Axis powers, and not feeling the blood of dead jews on his soul.

Horthy never once needed to side with the Nazis, nor participate in the Holocaust.

But let’s go back to the 1956 Revolution. You insist of thinking that the whole Revolution was made entirely or mainly by fascists, so let’s see what kind of leaders were present in this revolution.

I don’t insist that, actually. Color revolution typically has some progressive or faux-progressive elements that get steered by fascists.

Imre Nagy -> Main figure of the revolution, former member of the Communist Party (because he was expelled after trying to relax the brutality of stalinist hardliners scums), held socialistic beliefs who was against stalinism and would have let coalition parties to exist in a socialist framework. Executed by Kádár

An anti-communist that wanted to weaken the socialist system, a-la Kronstadt. He was expelled for undermining socialism, not for “trying to relax brutality.” Rather than helping Hungary, coalition parties would have likely undermined and destroyed the socialist framework given the intense presence of fascists.

Pál Maléter -> Initially fought with the Axis in WW2, but became a communist and fought against the nazis in Transylvania. Was a member of the Communist Party. He insisted to only support the revolution if it goes against any horthyst restauration efforts… Executed by Kádár

So a former-Nazi that had a change of heart, but then went the Kronstadt-way similar to Nagy. Willing to destroy socialism.

Miklós Gimes -> Political friend of Imre Nagy. His parents were jews, but he was converted to unitarianism. Founder of Magyar Szabadság. Held socialistic beliefs. Executed by Kádár

Same as the prior 2.

Géza Losonczy -> Was a member of the Communist Party. Held socialistic beliefs. Directed the Communist Party led newspaper called Szabad Nép.

Same as the prior 3.

Zoltán Tildy -> Christian, former member of the Smallholders’ Party. Voted in the 2nd jew legislation, which also limited higher education and factory ownership under an X number. However later he stated that “anti-Semitism was contrary to the principles of humanity, and warned that it began with hatred of Jews and extended to all men”. and created a Holocaust memorial… There is also another document stating he was present in commemorating jewish victims of the Holocaust. Also he was a part of the antifascist Magyar Front.

Same as the prior 4, former member of a right-wing populist party and former anti-semite.

Béla Kovács -> Also a member of the Smallholders Party. He was participating in anti nazi movements. Anti communist. Soviet authorities deported him and sentenced to 20 years, just because of not supporting the Rákosi regime.

So an outright anti-communist, that the supposed “communists” were willing to work with, simply due to opposing communism. This is why the previous 5 need to be deeply questioned in motive, if they were willing to work with anti-communists to undermine and destroy socialism. This was a member of a right-wing populist party.

Anna Kéthly -> Former member of the Social Democratic Party. Opposed all anti-jewish legislations. She made socialistic articles. Opposed of merging into the Communist Party, and several of the Social Democratic Party members including her were arrested by the communists.

Again, another anti-communist.

József Dudás -> Was a member of the Communist Party before WW2, also was a member of the Smallholders party after WW2. Communist beliefs. He was also a member of the antifascist Magyar Front. Executed by Kádár

Another right-wing populist you claim to have “communist beliefs.”

Sándor Kopácsi -> Not jewish, however his parents and himself were anti-fascists and hid and rescued their jewish friends. They saved Katalin Fodor and Mihály Gyarmathy, Pál Fodor, Miklós Világ, László Neumannn and myriad of others. Sándor specifically rescued Ibolya Fried from a ghetto. Source 2

Cool, still working with anti-communists.

Béla Király -> Fought on the Eastern front with the Axis both before the Arrow Cross got into power and after. He guarded a jewish batallion in the Don River, where he gave them warm clothing, decent food, and medical attention. Israel gave him the “Righteous Among the Nations” accolade. Joined the Communist Party. Rákosi regime arrested and tried to hang him due to charges on espionage. Ernő Gerő, a hardliner stalinist paroled him. He is the one who became the leader of the Hungarian Freedom Fighters Federation by the CIA in 1963, where the HFFF was created AFTER the 1956 revolution. You may wish to disprove me that a HFFF existed before 1956, however this certain HFF was made by the hungarian Communist Party and it’s purpose was to train the population, especially with slogans such as “Take your aim at the imperialist enemy! Fire!”. There is no evidence that this HFFF is the same HFFF that Béla became the leader of in 1963

A member of the Axis that collaborated with Nazi Germany and fought for the Arrow Cross Party.

Gergely Pongrátz -> Definitely anti communist, including his parents. Led the Corvin Köz, part of the rebel military after Pál Maléter. He hated his more communist friendly allies, like Maléter Pál, but cooperated with the nevertheless. I didn’t find any specific antismeite or Nazi Germany supporting viewpoints, however he founded the Jobbik party which was undeniably a far-right party in the mid 2000s.

So an outspoken member of the far-right everyone else was willing to work with.

As you can see this leadership groups was pretty varied, but it definitely had way more socialist or communist friendly participants than possible fascists. It would be foolish to label the entire revolution led by fascists only on 1 possible fascist out of the 11 definitely non-fascists and primarily socialist leaders.

To the contrary, I see a ton of right-wing populists, and a few supposed “communists” that were more than willing to work with them, as well as some outright fascists.

Any antisemite killing is vile, but it is important to distunqish if these were systematically planted by XYZ governments, or these were more individual and isolated cases by crazy antisemite individuals. I can also forge that the russian civil war was lead by fascists if I want to, because some sources claims the jews were persecuted in XYZ places by individuals from the Red Army.

The Hungarian fascism was home-grown, not planted, but was emboldened by the west. That’s my point. The CIA didn’t make Hungary fascist, they helped existing fascists. The fact that the fascism was Hungarian and not entirely from the US doesn’t make it better fascism.

But lets go back on Aptheker more then and his book. It is important to know that Aptheker was a soviet apologist communist in the american Communist Party, where this publishment exiled him from said party, which can imply huge bias (as you may call it, a think tank book). Ofc this goes to the other way too. I wouldn’t trust a published book made by a nazi or a far-right article made by Orban, but valuable facts can possibly still be present in these if we can verify it.

Aptheker was a communist, and used sources both from communists and the west. You’re again equating communists with Nazis to make a point, but you were more than willing to downplay Horthy’s fascism and the Nazi-collaboration of Hungary.