In August 2025, Google announced that starting next year, it will no longer be possible to develop apps for the Android platform without first registering centrally with Google. This registration will involve:
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Paying a fee to Google
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Agreeing to Google’s Terms and Conditions
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Providing government identification
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Uploading evidence of the developer’s private signing key
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Listing all current and future application identifiers
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Here is the https://keepandroidopen.org/


So does that mean that if I make my own app and don’t pay a fee to Google, I can’t even test my own app on my phone?
iirc you can manually sideload from ADB (requires a PC)